Paper should be down on the country Ethopia Research

Should be down on the country Ethopia - Research Paper Example There are eighty six known indigenous languages in Ethiopia out of which 82 are spoken and 4 are extinct. The Amhara have been the dominant ethnic groups traditionally. Other ethnic groups have responded differently to different situations taking place in Ethiopia. The Standard of living refers to the well being. Well being is defined in terms of a state being healthy, happy and satisfied. It refers to the quality, degree of excellence, grade or distinguishing characteristics. In the context of Ethiopia it refers to mainly availability of resources/goals to satisfy basic needs. Standard of living has to do with having farm, land, farm implements and a house in rural settings, as well as having a job (employment) or business (income) in urban settings. Those people without these have a jeopardized standard of living The standard of living or the economy of Ethiopia started to grow by early 1970’s, and it diversified into areas such as manufacturing and services. Ethiopia is the 12th least developed country in the world (UNDP, 2007). The HDI for Ethiopia is 0.414 which ranks the country 171st out of 182 countries. The less than average score of HDI ~0.51 for Sub Saharan Africa is scored by Ethiopia. It made no improvement in its people’s standard of living as compared to earlier years. ... The PPP income of Ethiopia is 58% and is on 146th number among the other countries of the world. The standard of living reflected by the GDP, HDI and PPP values places Ethiopia behind 132 countries in having a better living standard. Inequality within the countries and between the countries is identified as one of the main barriers to human development (UNDP HDR, 2005). The inequality is a major problem in Ethiopia which includes major gender inequality and income inequality issues. Although Ethiopia remains one of the most tradition bound societies in Africa, the policy instruments and legislative commitments serving women’s interests, recently introduced a vast majority of Ethiopian women, particularly in rural areas, as far from being well off, independent, and direct beneficiaries of development initiatives. Women are considered inferior to men both in family life and society at large, following traditional socio cultural installations and practices. Polygamy, female genit al mutilation, and violence against women are very common in Ethiopia. Many urban and rural women believe that their husbands have a right to beat them. About 73 percent of Sub Saharan Africans live on less the US$2 per day (UNDP, 2011). The UNDP has launched a pro-poor initiative to boost job creation through pro business development that engages low income Africans e.g. customers, employees, producers or entrepreneurs. This initiative includes African countries like Ethiopia, Kenya, Angola and Malawi. 12 million people in 44% population are chronically or at least periodically poor and food insecure. A large percentage of Ethiopians are under nourished, and majority of the

McDonald Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

McDonald - Essay Example Recent statistics shows that McDonald’s operates 31,000 restaurants in 119 different countries (Kroc 23). Additionally, the corporation also operates several other restaurant brands like the Piles Cafà © and Donatos Pizza. Some of the countries that have the McDonald’s food store include Singapore, Malaysia, India and most of the states in the United States and Europe (Kroc 29). McDonald has maintained its vigorous advertising campaign for several decades. They usually use the radio, social networks, billboards, newspapers, television and the internet to advertise their products. Through these advertising schemes, McDonald’s has significantly augmented its market. Until recently, McDonald’s has used up to 23 different slogans to advertise its products in different regions and countries. One of the interesting ads by McDonald’s is the ad concerning Rock and Fries. The ad portrays the McDonald emblem using a human hand. Such an advertising strategy has touched me and many others, and it proves that there is a proper marketing integration because McDonald has augmented its market (Kroc 34). The company is considered as one of the most vigorous fast food

Game and Football Team Bonds Essay Example for Free

Game and Football Team Bonds Essay It’s the most fun, most competitive, team-oriented sport in the earth. We do anything to win a game. Ladies love us guys want to be us. Everybody loves the game, people are always playing it, and it is the soul of the universe. When you put on the pads, lace up the spikes, and buckle your helmet you walk onto the field with a swagger and nothing else matters. You will forget if you failed a test, fought with a friend, or lost some money. Football is the sport I love the most because of three things. The bond on a football team is like no other sport. Another reason is the hardwood and dedication you put in. Lastly why I play football is to win it all The way a football team bonds with each other over the summer and overnight camps is unbelievable. We don’t all hang out with each other on the weekends, but on Saturdays we are a family. If your team wants to be successful you have to trust that the 10 other players on the field will do their job each and every play. Unlike in most sports you need more than one great player on a team, in fact I’d rather have a team with a bunch of good players. Than have a team with just one or two amazing players. Why do we run back and forth day after day? Hitting and running so hard we ache everywhere. Pushing it so hard we listen to our hearts beat rings in our head, while our lungs desperately gasp for air. Early mornings, late nights, Saturdays and Sundays, an endless amount of pain, deep bruises, broken bones, and torn muscles and ligaments. We hustle thru it all, because we live off our adrenaline, because the game frees your soul, because the party after the big win is spectacular, because you are invincible once you step onto the field. A big play could make you smile all day long and the next day as you joke about it with friends. The rattling of the crowd, the feel of the ball, the image of the spikes in the dirt, it’s a glory to live by. Because it is possible to hustle hard enough you can leave your worries behind. Sweat is the cologne of our accomplishments, Why should anyone push themselves so hard? It’s not for the money, it’s not for the girls, it’s not for bragging rights, and it’s not for the fame. We do it because we love it. And we love the feel of victory. There’s nothing better than after of working your butt of for 3 hours than walking off the field held high. The satisfaction knowing all those sprints and hills you do during the weak all paid off. The feeling that you can’t explain when you beat your cross town rivals knowing you just earned bragging rights for the year. The feeling that you were champions is the one feeling that I am missing I we were won win away from feeling that. But I am going to work hard, so next year I will finally feel what it’s like to be a champion. Why I love the game of football because not everyone can play it. You might be able to play two hand touch with your friends, but can you take the beating? That’s the question. Fans’ cheering you on as the fourth quarter is coming to an end in a close game. The greatest game to be played if football, everyone wants to be like us, but fail when they try.

Analysing The Challenges Facing Multilateral Organisations Today Politics Essay

Analysing The Challenges Facing Multilateral Organisations Today Politics Essay War is often the result of non negotiable problems/disputes. Since the end of the Second World War, liberal international theory advanced the establishment of international organizations such as the United Nations (UN) and its sub bodies, in the belief that such international forums were where state members have a chance to discuss and air their common issues and grievances and could prevent war and, widen the corporations between nation states. However, since its creation, the legitimacy as well as the effectiveness of these multilateral institutions has always been questioned. The end of the Cold War marked a new era of world politics where the United States (US) became the predominant power in the international system. In addition, the Iraq war of 2003, led by the US, but was not authorised by the United Nations Security Council (UNSC) and the issue raised a question about the hegemonic position of the US over the United Nations. This is just one of the many challenges multilatera l organizations like the UN are facing today. The terrorist attack on 9th November on the US and similar attacks elsewhere in the world, as well as the increasing threat of weapon of mass destruction (being used by either a rogue state such as Iran or a terrorist group) in the 21st Century is another major challenge for the United Nations and its administrative departments. Moreover, with the increasing involvement of non state actors and non governmental organizations nowadays, the value of formal institutions like the UN is clearly affected in adverse ways. To clarify if multilateralism is in crisis or not, it is essential to firstly look at the difficulties posed by these new dimensions to multilateralism, then evaluate its reaction and effectiveness at tackling them. In this essay, the focus will be on UN as this is often seen as the vanguard of multilateralism. Firstly, the essay will examine what multilateralism can be defined as and will name the current challenges which Mult ilateralism faces, it will then go on to give analysis of the sources of those troubles. Finally, it concludes that such multilateral institutions like the United Nations are under real challenge to the effectiveness of their multilateralism; however, it is not yet in a crisis situation. The leaders of these organizations can no long presume their exchanges to be business as usual but need to take into account these growing troubles and think more about reform if multilateralism is to continue to function in a stable way. Before discussing whether multilateralism is effective one needs to consider what exactly multilateralism is. For Paul Nielsson, UN Commissioner, multilateralism is about all parties carrying out concerted efforts to strengthen the international regulatory framework (Jorgensen, 2007, p.2) and involves states pooling both resources and sovereignty. The problem for many participants in multilateral processes is that the processes themselves are often slow and difficult, and rarely do their results satisfy every participant (ibid). Thus, multilateralism is by definition a process where participants cannot expect a zero-sum outcome, where they can clearly identify their gains or losses and say it was a success or failure. Multilateralism is a compromise between states where its greatest success is that everyone is a winner and everyone is a loser, because nobody gets everything they want. However, the UN has become the focus of most peoples idea of what a true multilateral organisation is and should be. Therefore the success of the UN in resolving modern international problems is also used as the guideline to whether or not multilateralism is effective or ineffective. The recent invasion of Iraq led by the Bush administration was preceded by concerted attempts to make it a UN operation. The fact that it did not led to US claims that the UN was ineffective and prior to the invasion of Afghanistan the US president Bush said the UN was so ineffective that dont call us, well call you (ibid). However, the debate between whether unilateralism or multilateralism is the most effective method of international relations is one fought as much within America as it is internationally and as Nye observed This battle between multilateralism and unilateralism is often played out between the president and Congress and has led to a schizophrenic America (Nye, 2000, 156). A final problem is that the UN always focuses on promoting free trade as a vehicle for expanding multilateralism and economic power is focused still within the major developed Western states. Thus, developing states often see the UN as biased and ineffective when it comes to promoting the interests of the Third World (Jorgensen, 2007, p.4) However, despite the criticism for the lack of UN support for Iraq and Afghanistan invasions and thus the claims by many unilateralists that it is an international body that is largely ineffective, there remain many who still see multilateralism as the finest success of the post- war environment. The Deputy Scretary-general Asha-Rose Migiro of the UN made it clear in a speech in 2009 that the world faced more than problems of security and terrorism. These include poverty and hunger in less developed countries, the lack of protection in many areas of human rights, the global financial crisis and discrimination against women. For Migiro these problems can only be solved through, global solutions to global problems and the UN is the only existing global organisation that can deal adequately with these challenges (Migiro, 2009, p.1). Other multilateral organisations exist but in Migiros view Solutions must be hammered out in a process involving all States.   Groups such as the G-8 and G-20 are important, but it is vital to return to the United Nations as the natural locus of action on global issues (Migiro Asha-Rose , 2009, p.2). War is often the evidence of a failure of multilateralism and the UNs avoidance of actually getting involved in the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan maybe seen as an effective decision rather than a failure, especially as the UN is still often the first organization that enters into a conflict arena during and after the conflict in order to either make peace or sustain a peace process. The Secretary-General made it clear that there was no choice available between multilateralism and unilateralism as We either succeed together, or we fail alone (ibid). Obviously, the avoidance of involvement in conflict is often used by participants in the conflict as a reason why the UN and multilateralism is ineffective. However, the response to aggression in international affairs is often best tackled through multilateralism. AsKevin Hartigan argues, multilateralism is a demanding organisational form. It requires its participants to renounce temporary advantage and the temptation to define their intere sts narrowly in terms of national interests, and it also requires them to forego ad hoc coalitions and to avoid policies based on situational exigencies (Hartigan, 1992, p.604). The UN has proven to be the most effective forum within which this cooperation can occur, as witnessed in the first Gulf War. In defence of the UN, Shashi Tharoor, former UN Under-secretary General noted that relative peace in the second half of the last century depended on the idea that in order to keep the peace, in order to help human beings to progress and so on, you needed a mechanism, as well as a system of rules that would actually be to the benefit of all and that this role could only effectively be carried out by the UN (Tharoor, et al, 2006. P.4). As Shashi notes, todays world is one with problems without passports (such as terrorism, climate change, drug trafficking) and the UN provides a forum for states to discuss and develop solutions to these problems on an international level of cooperation. Tharoor later observes that the problems of today are often too large, too complex for one government, or bi-lateral relationship to adequately deal with and so the involvement of the UN means, that humanity is responsible, not one government.   In that process, the universality of the United Nations gives you a mechanism to actually deliver effective results. On the first hand, the value of those collective institutions like WTO or UN is undeniable, especially in the time of globalization when the world is becoming a borderless entity where not only trade, but also problems such as drugs and climate change cross from country to country unimpeded by the sovereign idea of borders between states. The UN reduces the expense, time and effort needed by any one country to deal with threes problems. It offers a forum within which states can confidentiality work out deals and strategies, and in the process states get to know about each other freely, thus increasing the confidence in future levels of cooperation (Robert o Keohen, p2). Furthermore, as international terrorism and transnational criminals are increasing problems then it bis easier to see that a threat to one is a threat to all. Very few states have the power to stand alone and confront those difficulties ( A more secure world, 2004). Although UN has been criticised for not responding e ffectively to these emerging challenges, there is little in the way of alternatives being offered. As Robert argued; terrorism and proliferation of weapons of mass destruction can only be addressed in concert with other countries, even the super power like US(Hutchings) does not have sufficient resources, political will or power to deal with these modern challenges. However, the UN is aware that it needs to reform and has set out five primary areas for change. Reform may involve drastic changes to the members and size of the Security Council and to the way it makes decisions, but essentially it needs reforms that assist it in, 1. Reforming management and operation procedures, 2. Strengthen humanitarian action, 3. Bring human rights to all in the world, 4. Strengthen efforts to maintain peace and security, and, 5. Significant movement forward on meeting development challenges (UN). Thus the extent of the need to reform to meet these challenges goes beyond just altering the size and methods of working of the Security Council. It requires dealing with the financing of the organisation, strengthening aspects such as the Human Rights Council and ensuring that the popular promotion of multilateralism is always more effective and long-lasting solutions to the modern problems of the international system rather than the unilateralism so often chosen by s tates and directly the cause of many of the wars of today and in the past. Hartigan, Kevin (1992), Matching Humanitarian Norms with Cold, Hard Interests: The Making of Refugee Policies in Mexico and Honduras, 1980-1989, International Organisation 46, Summer, 604. Knud Erik Jà ¸rgensen(2007) The European Unions International Identity: the Role of Multilateralism Nye, Joseph (1991) Bound to Lead: The Changing Nature of American Power (Basic Books 1991). Nye, Joseph (2002) The Paradox of American Power, Ikenberry, G. John (2002) Americas Imperial Ambition, Foreign Affairs, 81(5): 44-60. Migiro Asha-Rose (2009) Tackling Current Global Challenges Requires Building An Effective Multilateralism, Speech to UN, 15th April 2009 Shasis Tharoor, et al (2006) DebateThe United Nations: Still Relevant After All These Years? Carnegie Council Essay question : Is multilateralism under challenge? Or in crisis? Or is it business as Questions to define What is multilateralism, the definition, are we talking specifically about UN or any other? IR theory, Realist, Liberalistà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Crisis? How do you value /define/ classify if M is in crisis? Or is it only about emerging challenges?( in that case, list the challenges), in 21st century The increasing development/involvement of non-state factors not necessarily means the fail of formal institutions. Ad hoc coalition. Alternative arrangements. Strength and weakness. Argument: challenges are real. Ineffectiveness is real. Neither takes it as crisis nor business as usual. Need to fix it. Need to reform. Ref Robert L. Hutchings, 2003, The United Nations and the Crisis of Multilateralism, Keynote Address, University of Pennsylvania, Model United Nations Conference http://www.dni.gov/nic/speeches_un_multilateralism.html Keohane, Robert O., 2006, The contingent legitimacy of multilateralism, in Edward Newman, Ramesh Thakur and John Tirman eds., Multilateralism Under Challenge? Power, International Order, and Structural Change (Tokyo: United Nations University Press). Edward Newman, Ramesh Thakur and John Tirman eds., Multilateralism Under Challenge? Power, International Order, and Structural Change (Tokyo: United Nations University Press), introduction. Newman, Edward, 2007, A Crisis of Global Institutions? Multilateralism and International Security (Oxford, Routledge) Introduction, chapter 1 and 2. A More Secure World: Our Shared Responsibility, Report of the Secretary-Generalà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¸s High Level Panel on Threats, Challenges and Change (New York: United Nations, 2004), summary. Available at: www.un.org/secureworld Forman, Shepard, and Derk Segaar, 2006, New Coalitions for Global Governance: The Changing Dynamics of Multilateralism, Global Governance, vol.12, no.2.

Love and what is needed for it exist as seen in two works Essay

Love and what is needed for it exist as seen in two works Love is a deep emotional feeling toward a person. Love comes in many forms, each being expressed in slightly different ways. There is the mothers love which she has for her child; a love of self, which aids in self preservation and self worth; there is love shared abroad to friends and family members; and love between a couple. Everyday we pass by people expressing affection and love, and partake in loving experiences with the people we encounter as well. People tend to think of love as just words, a term to signify devotion, many times this type of love disappears. The existence of true love stems further than just four letters, and a lack there of can be viewed using two literary pieces. Love in my opinion can be defined as such: love is like a lamp post, it shines in the midst of darkness, it lights your paths, and helps you to find your way every time. Love is kind, a comforter. It is not selfish or self contained, love is not limited, love suffers long and bears all things; love never fails. A true evidence of love is action. Love motivates action; it causes you to be faithful, not loosing heart or changing your love. Love is not envious or resentful, but gentle and not easily provoked to anger. Love will cause you to act patiently. Without love none of those things would exist, life loses all meaning with a lack or loss of love, unfeeling and empty would be the state of each human being if love did not exist. Wendy Wasserstein’s,† The Man in a case†, is a short scene about two engaged people, with strikingly distinct personalities. The setting of this scene is a small garden in the village of Mironiski, during 1898. The characters in this work are Byelinkov and Varinka.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The relationship in which Byelinkov and Varinka share is rather peculiar and their motivations for engagement don’t seem to involve any aspect of love. Varinka is overly enthralled with marrying Byelinkov because she perceives him as a most adored school master; and Byelinkov is concerned with the irony of his infatuation with Varinka. He even says â€Å"†¦their instructor, who teaches them the discipline and contained beauty of the classics, is in love with a sprite† (Wasserstein pg 21). They are content with the nonexistence of love in their relationship, Varinka says â€Å"until I met you I thought I wou... ...as taken care of by him, she longed for a different life, one more firmly rooted in the earth and not of an astronomers wife, whom only hears about the clouds. For true love to exist between people, love needs to become a motivation, which moves you to action each and everyday. Love embodies kindness, selflessness, long suffering, patience, gentleness and faithfulness. If love is absent or not reciprocated between individuals, their connection is diminished and will soon fade. Love is the core of any long lasting relationship. The dependence on love for relationships to thrive, marriage in particular is depicted in the previous works. Works Cited   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Boyle, Kay â€Å"Astronomer‘s Wife†. Responding to Literature stories, poems, and essays. Ed. Stanford, A Judith. McGraw Hill: 2003. 619-23   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Lewis, C.S. â€Å"We Have No Right to Happiness†. Responding to Literature stories, poems, and essays. Ed. Stanford, A Judith. McGraw Hill: 2003. 724-28   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Wasserstein, Wendy. â€Å"The Man in a Case†. Responding to Literature stories, poems, and essays. Ed. Stanford, A Judith. McGraw Hill: 2003. 17-22               

A Tale of Two Cities Essays: A Sad Tale Of Two Cities :: Tale Two Cities Essays

A Tale Of Two Cities The focus of A Tale Of Two Cities concerns the impetus and fervor of 18th century European socio-political turmoil, its consequences, and what Dickens presents as the appropriate response of an enlightened aristocracy and just citizenry. The tale opens with Dr. Manettte having spent the last 18 years of his life in the Bastille - innocent of all crimes save his disdain for the base actions of a French Marquis. The heinous nature of his confinement induced a madness remedied only by the devoted love of his Lucie. We next encounter these characters five years later attending the trial of Charles Darnay - a nobly born French immigrant who relinquished his station rather than partake in the barbarous class structure of 18th century France. The beautiful and virtuous Lucie Manette is admired by both Sydney Carton and his repugnant legal partner, C.J.Stryver. It is the inherently ethical Carton, not the aristocratic (and bellicose) Stryver who realizes that marriage to Charles Darnay would bring the greatest happiness to Lucie. Their bliss is short lived however,as the honor bound Darnay returns to Paris. His prosecution is propelled by a vengeful and newly empowered Madame Defarge a "patriot of the revolution" who utilizes the revolutionary "People's Tribunals" to redress grievances committed by the Evremonde clan. Aided by her cohort (aptly given the code name of "Vengeance") retribution, not justice, is her sole concern. "...I have this race a long time on my register, doomed to destruction and extermination."(370). This savage character - "Madame's resolute right hand was occupied with an axe,...and in her girdle were a pistol and a cruel knife"(244) - exhibits an anger so resolute and ferocious that its like may be comparable only to newly divorced female students here at N.Y.U. - but that is simply my experience. Dickens does not portray Madame Defarge and her compatriots as morally bankrupt but rather depicts their inevitable creation in the oppressive aristocratic class structure of 18th century Europe. A Tale Of Two Cities is written in a perfectly linear progression of this theme. It initially portrays the oppressive nature of the aristocracy (the imprisonment of Dr. Manette, the accidental death of a child and the trite response of the Marquis - among other graphic illustration) which leads to the fervor of revolutionary assassins seeking justice.

Competitive Strategies That Accenture Use Essay

Based on the sources gained, Accenture is practicing a competitive strategy which is differentiation strategy. Differentiation strategy is to offer products or services that are unique and superior value compared to the competitors but to target wide market. Accenture is a company that provides global consulting management services, technology services and outsourcing services to 257000 clients in more than 120 countries. Accenture is expertise in consulting management strategies to all types of Business Company. They always try to improve their performance to advance their clients. They operating and formulate new strategies to meet client’s business goals. Accenture helps their clients around the world enter new markets, increasing revenue in existing markets, improve their operational performance and deliver their products and services more effectively and efficiently by providing their services. Besides that, Accenture tries to enhance in outsourcing business recently because Accenture says that it is a wider market for the business going forward. This will make Accenture not only focus on one part of business, but going to service wider market of clients. Because of Accenture provides many types of services, we can indicate that Accenture aims to provide services to a wide market. Why we say that Accenture is providing unique and superior services to their clients? It is because Accenture works with their clients to understand the inside working procedure of the company, analyse their company, assess the business operating performance, define the business case, design the operating model strategy and explain to the clients to help them to achieve the goals. It has shown that Accenture designs the management strategies to the company based on different companies and finds the best way to help them improve their performance. For example, Accenture introduce an approach, called Value-Driven Business Process Management (BPM). It is a process that helps companies to realise their mistake immediately, correct the process of work and measure the result easily. It is an Accenture’s unique combination of skills, approaches, assets and tools to result the value quickly, gives a measurable result and tries to bring out a longer life BPM solution than other companies’ while they only provide assistance with specific elements of BPM. That is why Accenture can easily differentiate with other competitors, trusted by clients all around the world and have a good public praise.