hemingway Essay -- essays research papers

Ernest Hemingway was an American author. He was conceived in 1899 in Oak Park, Illinois. He ended it all in 1961 in Ketchum, Idaho (Burges 17). Indeed, even today Hemingway is one of the most perceived creators on the planet. Hemingway’s encounters during World War I are straightforwardly appeared in a large number of his works. His general point of view is reflected in the undertakings of his characters. Unmistakably Hemingway wanted to be a piece of the war despite the fact that, because of terrible vision he couldn't enroll in the military and battle in the war. Rather he lied about his age and went to Italy to turn into a rescue vehicle driver. While in Italy he encountered numerous things that he would later proceed to expound on in works, for example, A Farewell to Arms and For Whom the Bells Toll. Ernest Miller Hemingway was conceived on July 21st, 1899 in Oak Park, IL. He was the second of six kids destined to Grace Hall Hemingway, a hopeful show artist, who surrendered a profession for marriage and six kids. His dad, Clarence Edmunds Hemingway, was a family doctor and devoted outdoorsmen. Clarence imparted his adoration for the outside to his young child, Ernest, who found a preference for the outside since early on. His first excursion to nature was the point at which he was only a month and a half old. The Hemingway family and Ernest’s nurture went to Lake Walloon in upper Michigan each late spring. Maybe it was this early presentation to nature that encouraged Hemingway’s feeling of experience (Baker 45). During Hemingway’s sixty-two years he was hitched multiple times. First to Elizabeth Hadley Richardson on September 3,1921. During their six-year marriage they lived in Paris, where Ernest was a war reporter for the Toronto Star. Elizabeth’s trust subsidize made their life a lot simpler. Their marriage finished in 1927. Not long after his separation from Hadley, Hemingway wedded Pauline Pfeiffer. He and Pfeiffer lived in Key West for most of their marriage. In 1940 Hemingway would wed individual war reporter Martha Ellis Greenhorn. This would be his most brief marriage, enduring just five years. His last marriage was on March, 14, 1946 to Mary Welsh Monks They were hitched for a long time, during which they inhabited Hemingway’s Lookout Farm in San Francisco de Paula, Cuba (Hemingway 34). At the point when the get went out that emergency vehicle drivers for the war were required, Hemingway, an ongoing secondary school graduate chipped in right away. He said â€Å" I wante... ...est I can compose ever for a mind-blowing entirety. It will devastate the analysis that claims I can expound on notheing with the exception of myself and my own experiences.†(Baker 67) The story he would compose was in the long run called The Old Man and The Sea. This was a story that he had been contemplating since he originally heard it in 1935. It is the account of an old Cuban angler who battled a swordfish for four days and evenings just to lose it to sharks. It was first distributed as a story called â€Å"On The Blue Water† in Esquire. At that point it turned into the novella, The Old Man and The Sea. It was distributed in Life and was a Book-of-the Month choice (Baker 174). Now his big name truly took off however his own life appeared to break apart. Hemingway accomplished numerous incredible things throughout his life, for example, being regarded with the Nobel prize for writing and being perceived in the media as the primary American injured in Italy. He was a desolate and troubled man. His better half and mother had passed on and he was in sick wellbeing. In July of 1961 he ended his own existence with a shotgun impact to his head (Hemingway 165). Hemingway was one of the most persuasive scholars of the twentieth century whose accounts and inheritance will in every case live on.

Death Penalty6 essays

Demise Penalty6 papers In national news today, a dark man from southern Texas was killed today. He was mercilessly beaten and than roped to the rear of a get and hauled to his demise. This isnt very remarkable to hear in todays news and in the event that anything I feel that we have become numb and gotten use to hearing things of this nature. I dont feel that wrongdoings are getting increasingly frightful, yet it seems that they are getting progressively visit. Whichever way whether they are getting increasingly visit there is no remedy for the issue. There have been a lot of talks in the ongoing presidential discussions about capital punishment, and numerous conversations of George Bushes extravagant for it and much of the time I simply need to concur. As I would like to think on the off chance that you are intense and courageous enough to take someones life than you ought to be strong and bold enough to surrender your own. To the individuals who remain against it I inquire as to Why? For certain its a strict issue, I have heard the expression, Well, nobody has the privilege to play god. Which is fine if that is the thing that you accept and there is nothing amiss with that, however by and by I dont get tied up with the entire religion thing, I am not a blessed man, I have discovered nothing in my short 18 years here on this planet to demonstrate to me there is a divine being. I have seen no proof and Im not one of visually impaired confidence, which is what should have, yet that is an altogether unique subject. Others state, Wel l, an honest man could be slaughtered. The manner in which our administration works there are a lot of claims before the man is executed that on the off chance that he was guiltless Im sure that he could get off, the chances of that occurrence appear to be thin. In any case, it might be conceivable that capital punishment might be going off course, presently this is only a hypothesis that I have. Street pharmacists for instance are out on the road beginning group wars and fundamentally going around and shooting one another. Th ... <!

31 Pinterest Group Boards for Freelance Writers

Alright. On the off chance that you dont know, Pinterest is my BFF. You know why? Since its absolutely becoming my blogs.yes I said web journals. My traffic has been developing significantly more when I began booking my pins utilizing Tailwind (a planning device). At the point when this occurred, I became my site hits to now 42k! In the event that youre new to Pinterest, this post wont truly support you (sorry). However, on the off chance that you are utilizing Pinterest for entertainment only, I need you to begin utilizing it for advertising your independent composing administrations. What's more, perhaps the best thing you can begin on Pinterest is to utilize bunch sheets. Gathering sheets are an aggregate board on Pinterest where partners can stick to that board. In the event that the proprietor has a major after (or that board does) at that point that implies your pins can be seen by a great many new pinners. Those pinners could be editors, advertisers, CEOs, bloggers, solopreneurs, business visionaries, entrepreneurs, creators and that's only the tip of the iceberg. Those are your customers. You can be before those potential customers and view, they could email you and approach you to compose for them! Whoopee! Its happenedâ to me. Alright, since you know why Pinterest is a BFF for independent journalists, lets see some gathering sheets only for you. 1. Specialist FAQs †A Resource for Freelance Writers This is my own special gathering board! Initially, this gathering board was for my other blog, FreelancerFAQs. Be that as it may, it stayed there for a year or more and was kind of gathering dust. Along these lines, as of late I restored it by welcoming increasingly independent scholars that need to stick to that board. Presently, its energetic and pinners are seeing it! 2. Area Independent Job Ideas In the event that you blog about employment thoughts, lucrative thoughts or profession thoughts, this gathering board is for you! With over 11k supporters, its value sharing your pins on this gathering board. 3. Work from Home Job Leads For independent scholars, your blog may have some great posts about telecommuting right? For a ton of us that is the thing that we make progress toward, need or are attempting to do full-time. On the off chance that you have posts in that specialty point, join this gathering board to share those posts! 4. Business and Management This is a straight forward gathering board around outsourcing and the board. On the off chance that you blog about business type subjects, this gathering board will assist you with driving more traffic to your blog and possibly get a customer! 5. Independent Fierce | Group Board This board has the best tips to support consultants. With profitability, sorting out and motivation tips, this board can assist you with sharing your posts on these subjects. 6. Composing As an independent author, we may compose aboutwell, composing obviously! ðÿ™‚ This gathering board shares tips for independent scholars about composition. 7. Employment Ideas for Proofreading, Editing, Writing Buffs In the event that youre an editorial manager or editor, heres the board for you! Alongside independent journalists, you can share your posts about your administration thoughts! 8. The Freelancers Club from Careful Cents Carrie Smith from Careful Cents has an amazing Pinterest bunch board! To join ensure you are a piece of her Facebook bunch first! 9. Agitator Entrepreneurs In the event that you blog about your administration as a consultant, this gathering board about innovative subjects can assist you with arriving at new pinners. 10. Independent Writing Jobs My dear companion Lorraine Reguly of Wording Well has a Pinterest gathering! She doesnt let you realize how to demand a welcome, yet maybe get in touch with her through her blog? 11. Independent Writing This board offers tips to improve your independent composition. In the event that you blog about those things, at that point join this gathering board. 12. Morning Business Chat On the off chance that you offer business guidance on your blog, this come and join Morning Business Chat! 13. Outsourcing Cori of Not Now Moms Busy has a Pinterest bunch board for specialists! Offer your pins about business, business visionary tips and independent composition/altering and that's just the beginning! 14. Brain Your Business As an independent author, we are additionally a business person! We sure have a business and for a great deal of us, we expound on our business. Heres a Pinterest bunch board to share those posts. 15. Customer Attraction Tips Utilize this gathering board to share tips to draw in customers! Oo la, promoting your business to pull in customers is my optimal path without a doubt! 16. Business enterprise Enclave On the off chance that your presents are connected on enterprise themes, at that point you can share your posts on this gathering board! 17. Computerized Writer Success This is a little gathering board, however on the off chance that you message the proprietor, Im sure youll have the option to add to this board. 18. Outsourcing Help A gathering board to share your tips to help different consultants be effective! 19. Magnificent Writing Tips Offer your composing tip posts on this gathering board and get saw by more pinners. 20. Flourishing Biz This gathering board is for female business people with innovative administrations. Furthermore, indeed, composing is an innovative assistance ðÿ™‚ 21. Wonderful Writing Prompts A gathering board to help support your composing aptitudes with prompts. This proprietor likewise claims the Awesome Writing Tips board as well so while mentioning a welcome, make a point to state which board you need to add to (or request both). 22. Business Tips for Freelancers For pins about getting more customers, improving your independent assistance and that's only the tip of the iceberg. Join this gathering board by either messaging the proprietor, informing them or remark on one of her pins. 23. Copywriting This is a gathering board, however Im not certain if the proprietor is as yet including more givers. Yet, in the event that you are a marketing specialist (or even an independent author) and have tips about those subjects then you can attempt to join this gathering board. 24. Private venture Marketplace This gathering board has themes about business, bringing in cash and anything identified with those points. It has a tremendous after, which implies your pins will get seen by another crowd. 25. Independent | Work From Home This gathering board is for consultants like essayists, creators, instructing and that's only the tip of the iceberg. Offer your business tips to help other people. 26. Blossom Your Business This gathering board holds sticks about helping other people to develop their business. On the off chance that you blog about your administration and how you are developing your business, thenâ this bunch board can get you out! 27. Imaginative Entrepreneurs Bloggers Offer your marvelous posts about helping other people with their independent business. This gathering board enables business visionaries and bloggers to be increasingly fruitful! 28. Mompreneur Tips + Business On the off chance that you are a mother independent author, this gathering board is for you! Offer your great business tips in this gathering board and beginning developing your traffic. 29. Wantrepreneur 101 In the event that you have a PC and need to be a business visionary or specialist, at that point you can share your tips on this gathering board. Simply immediate message the proprietor that you need to join! 30. Independent Writing for Mamas This load up is an assortment of our best guidance about how to develop your composing business, keep your family unit running, deal with your time, work more efficiently, and something else, do everything (ha!). Phew!! ðÿ™‚ 31. Composing, Blogging, Biz Tips Offer your tips on the most proficient method to develop your blog or business on this gathering board. With over 3k supporters, this is an incredible board to get more eyes on your blog. Instructions to Join Group Boards For a significant number of these gathering sheets, theres no data on the best way to join. Be that as it may, there are a variety of ways you can demand to join: Go to their blog and reach them Direct message them on Pinterest Remark on one of their ongoing pins Discover them on Twitter or Facebook and message them there On the off chance that the gathering board proprietor has prerequisites, make a point to peruse those and tail them. Some of them may have you tail them and their board or round out a structure or first join their Facebook gathering. In the event that you email me them a solicitation or even message them on Pinterest, ensure you have these things: The gathering board you need to join Your Pinterest profile address Your email related with your Pinterest account In the event that you neglect to give those things, the proprietor may not welcome you. There Ya Go! Good karma on joining Pinterest gatherings and Im sure youll be getting more traffic soon on your blog! Whoopee! Inform me as to whether you have a Pinterest bunch board for consultants or independent essayists! I couldn't want anything more than to remember you for this gather together! Prepare to have your mind blown. I have a free seminar on getting paid to compose on the web. Join to my free six-day email course and get considerably progressively noteworthy hints to enable you to prevail as an independent essayist.

Merger Of Mittal And Arcelor Steel Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 7250 words

Merger Of Mittal And Arcelor Steel - Essay Example Having arrived at the main situation in steel fabricating and evaluating the need to combine and to exploit the economies of scale, in January 2006, Lakshmi Nivas Mittal of Mittal Steel Netherlands took a chronicled choice to make an endeavor to gain the following greatest steel organization Arcelor S.A. Having experienced the rudiments thought regarding the world steel industry and the justification behind the Mittal Steel's choice to secure the following positioning Arcelor S.A, this paper endeavors to draw out an investigative survey of the entire plan of merger as for the impact of the merger from the perspective of the financial specialists, the thankfulness in their property, thinking behind the merger from the perspective of Mittal Steel just as Arcelor S.A. The paper likewise considers the pretended by Severstal, the Russian Steel major in the merger bargain. With the coming of globalization the enormous organizations have broken their geological obstructions and this has brought about the cross outskirt mergers and acquisitions of greater organizations. Particularly in Europe the buys by method of takeovers of organizations had been at $ 418 billion while it was just $ 211 billion for the American organizations in the main quarter of the year 2006. This incorporates the wild skirmish of the threatening takeover by Netherlands based Mittal Steel of Luxembourg based Arcelor. This threatening bidThis unfriendly offer for takeover was advanced by Mittal Steel to Arcelor for assuming control over the last at a thought of US $ 22.4 billion and this offer was made on the 27th January 2006. This takeover once finished would bring about a total offer of seventy billion US dollars and 10% of the world steel creation. This likewise implies the consolidated creation of the new organization would be multiple times more than that of the nearest contender Nippon Steel Corporation of Japan. After the merger the new substance would give work to 320,000 individuals. The tasks of the new organization would spread more than four mainlands of the world. The organization would likewise extend its market to the United States where there is a high potential for development. This would likewise involve the new organization estimable haggling force and economies of scale. From the accompanying table, one can watch the size and greatness of the takeover offer made by Mittal Steel Source: The Hindu. Business Line Newspaper Dated first February 2007 3.0 A BACKGROUND: A concise foundation of the Buyer (Mittal Steel) and the Target (Arcelor S.A.) is introduced underneath: Mittal Steel N.V: Head Quartered in Rotterdam/London 225,000 workers Steelmaking offices in 16 nations Clients in 120 nations Sent 49.2m tons in 2005 Incomes of $28.1bn in 2005 (Breaking News Article 2006) While creation of steel of different sorts is the principle movement, the Mittal Steel is by and by working in nations like United States, Mexico, Trinidad, Canada, Germany and France. Specialization of Mittal

The Safety Of Airport Security Scanners Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

My Reflection On Book About Genocide - Free Essay Example

The author of this book, James Waller, is a professor of holocaust and genocide studies at Keene State College in Keene, New Hampshire. He earned his Bachelor of Science degree from Asbury University, his Masters of Science at the University of Colorado, and finally earned his Ph.D. in social psychology from the University of Kentucky. He is also the author of several other books entitledDrinkology Beer: A Book About the Brew,The Well-Bred Dog: Lisa Zadors Cabinet of Curious Canines,andDrinkology: Wine: A Guide to the Grape.The first main point that is made inBecoming Evil: How Ordinary People Commit Genocide and MassKillingby James Walleris where he describes what evil is. The author argues that evil is anything that is detrimental to the well being of living things. He then distinguishes between two different kinds of evil, which are natural evil and human evil. He explains that natural evil, which is a function of natural processes of change, includes events like earthquakes, floods, tornados, and droughts. The author used Hurricane Katrina as an example of natural evil, in which at least 1836 people died and much of the Gulf Coast region of the United States was destroyed. Human evil was later described as evil that is done by people and it refers to the destruction people do to others, as well as themselves (p gs. 11-12). There are many examples of human evil, but one of the most well known examples of the last twenty-five years is the Rwandan genocide, where up to 210,000 Hutus killed 800,000 Tutsis in only a hundred days. In looking at the primary and secondary sources James Waller used to write this book, I like how he listed the sources he used by the chapter in which he used to write this book. He uses things like journal articles, books, and websites for both primary and secondary sources. Even though the author uses secondary sources throughout the book such asThe Logic of Evil: The Social Origins of the Nazi Party,by William Brustein, he also uses a variety of primary sources. One primary source used in this novel isThe Rwanda Crisis: History of a Genocideby Gerard Prunier. This primary source, among others used in the book, were written at the exact time of the event or a year after the event that is being written about occurred, which is one of the reasons why these primary sources are relia ble. Another reason these sources are reliable is because they offer an insight to what it was like to live through the events of a particular genocide. These insights include things like accounts from a survivor of a genocide in which they describe what they saw, the fear they experienced, and how they managed to survive.The author of this book explicitly says that a goal of this book is for psychological understanding instead of moral analysis. He says that understanding how ordinary people come to commit genocide shows a discomforting look at the depths to which the human spirit can plunge. In understanding how ordinary people commit genocide, James Waller discusses a fear that is an attempt to explain extraordinary human evil carries an inordinate risk of contamination with it. The main idea of this fear is the belief that extraordinary human evil is unexplainable. The author also makes an interesting point when he says that trying to explain the inexplicable puts you in a position where you will be tainted by the evil (pg. 19). The author also explicitly says the main argument of his book is that it is ordinary people who commit genocide and mass killing.He admits that the argument is difficult to understand and absorb, but a purely evil person is just as much of an artificial construct as a person who is purely good. The people who commit mass killing and genocide are extraordinary only because of what they have done, and not who they are (pg. 20). Another important point that the author makes in understanding genocide is the idea of social dominance. James Waller begins this part of the book by saying that the desire for social dominance is one of the most powerful and universal motivating forces in animals and humans. The desire to be socially dominant leads to differences in rank and status and it can be defined as the set of sustained aggressive-submissive behaviors among animals and humans. In a social dominance hierarchy,there are some individuals within a group that gain greater access to important resources that contribute to the survival and reproductive success than other members of the group (pg. 183). The idea of social dominance can be used to explain genocide because when one group of people is killing another, they are showing that they are dominant over the group of people they are killing.They are asserting the idea that they are of a higher status than their victims and that they should have greater access to the important resources (pg. 185).One connection I made to what I was reading was early in the book when the author mentioned the Taino people. The Taino people were an indigenous group that lived all throughout the Caribbean, including in Puerto Rico (pg. 25). I made this connection to this part of the reading because I am half Puerto Rican, and I still learned what the Tainos went through when Columbus came to the Americas. I knew for a long time that some of the Tainos were captured and made into slaves, but what I didnt know was how the European settlers killed off the Tainos that were not made into slaves. Later in the book, the author makes an argument that I strongly agree with where he says that understanding the universal evolution of human nature only tells us that all of us are capable of committing evil. The idea that all of us are capable of committing evil goes back to the idea of social dominance. Social dominance, which I believe is inherent in all of us, plays an im portant role in committing evil because if some group of people has a hatred of another group of people, that might motivate them to think that they are better than the group of people they claim to hate. When one group of people feels like they are better than another group of people, they would be more likely to commit acts of evil like persecution and even death to assert their dominance over the lesser group of people. Whether its the Hutus asserting social dominance over the Tutsis, or Nazis asserting their social dominance over the Jews, the perpetrators of both genocides believed their victims were inferior to them, which motivated them to commit the horrible acts of evil and violence as a way of showing that the perpetrators believed that they were socially dominant over their victims. Despite the fact that all of us are capable of committing evil, the author says humans have instinctual pushes that are too diffuse to tell us everything we should know about direction, target, and form of our violent behavior. He also suggests an explanation on how some people perpetrate extraordinary evil while most do not by saying it requires closely focusing on the more proximate and immediate psychological, cultural, and social constructions that activate our evolutionary capacities (pg. 171). One passage of the book that I thought was important was when the author talked about applying authoritarian personality to the perpetrators of evil. I thought it was interesting how the author mentioned that after World War II, West Germany went through a few decades of antiauthoritarian reform that was designed to change what the people of Germany understood about the exercise of authority. After the reforms were in place for a few decades, Germany found a decline in authoritarianism am ong their youth. The declines that occurred in West Germany between 1945 and 1978 were largely due to changes in how the children were brought up by their parents (pg. 85). I thought this part of the book was interesting because it showed how much of a difference the parents were making on their kids at that time. Many people would think that the main reason so many Germans did not like Jews was because of Hitler, the Nazis, and all the propaganda that Hitler created and spread throughout his country. While it is true that Hitler and the Nazis played a very important role in creating Nazi propaganda and radicalizing the German people, it never occurred to me that the parents of the children who were growing up in that time period had just as big of an effect on the German youth as the propaganda did. I also agreed with the statement that there may be no homogeneous authoritarian personality, but we can at least say that people have different degrees to which they hold beliefs that are authoritarian. The author says it is safe to say that differences in orientation to authority affect the way they relate to ideas as well as people, especially people with different authority or status.This book was very insightful on what genocide really is, how it is carried out, and where genocides have occurr ed throughout the world.While I was reading this book, one interesting thing that really helped me understand the subject of this book was the excerpts from memoirs and other writings that explain what occurred in a genocide. Some of them were even recollections of experiences that victims of a particular genocide endured. Early in the book, there is an excerpt from a memoir of a person who lived through the Armenian genocide that tells of men being brutally murdered and being left out on the streets to die (pg. 56). Another way this book helped me have a better understanding of the subject was the model it showed for how ordinary people commit mass killing and genocide. The model shows that the ultimate influence is the evolution of human nature and there are three proximate influences which are, cultural construction of worldview, psychological construction of the other, and social construction of cruelty. These are all very distinct influences, in which cultural construction of worldview includes ideas like social dominance and collective values, whereas psychological construction of the other includes ideas such as blaming the victims. Social construction of cruelty is different from the first two influences and it includes group identification and professional socialization (pg. 138). I learned a lot about genocide from reading this book and it gave me a much better understanding of what genocide really is and how it is committed.

Analysis Of Kafka s The Metamorphosis And The Women...

Several years ago, I went out with my mother. While we were having a lunch at a restaurant, someone who was tall with long-hair walked in. My mother asked me, whether that person is a man or a woman. Our opinions were different. Because, in these days, there are many tall women and there are many long-haired men. When the person came close to us, we knew certainly. The person’s voice was deep, so we concluded that person was a man based on the information we figured out. But, that person could be a tall, long-haired woman with a deep voice. Are you a man? Are you a woman? What is your gender? Concept of gender and sex are very important matter for us in living in the society. In the stories, â€Å"The Metamorphosis† and â€Å"The Women’s Swimming Pool†, it is mentioned that what the role of men and women, and what it means living as a men and women in society. In Kafka’s work â€Å"The Metamorphosis†, after Gregor Samsa was transformed into b ug, he lost his own figure, his family, his job, and even himself. Before that happened, he really tried hard to take care of his family. However, after he turned into ugly and disgusting creature, all the family members, who were highly supported by him, showed different attitude to him (Kafka, 219). It seems that they forgot everything he did for them and it was big shock for him. At first, they wanted him to be okay as he was, and he also tried to make them relaxed by keeping himself away from them. However, he couldn’t even make effort to earnShow MoreRelatedStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pagesand permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise. To obtain permission(s) to use material from this work , please submit a written request to Pearson Education, Inc., Permissions Department, One Lake Street, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458, or you may fax your request to 201-236-3290. Many of the designations by manufacturers

African-American History Timeline 1965 to 1969

As the modern Civil Rights Movement of the 1960s moved ahead, African-Americans continued to fight for equal rights in American Society using Dr. Martin Luther King Jrs nonviolent strategies. At the same time, members of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) were growing tired of Kings strategies. These young men were interested in a more militant brand of activism that would pick up steam after Kings assassination.   1965 Malcolm X is assassinated at the Audubon Ballroom in New York City. Months later, writer Alex Haley publishes The Autobiography of Malcolm X. During the month of March, several civil protests occurred throughout Alabama. On March 7, an estimated 600 civil rights activists held a march from Selma to Montgomery protesting the denial of African-American voting rights in the state. On March 21, Martin Luther King, Jr. spearheads a five-day, 54-mile march from Selma to Montgomery. The protest retraced the original marches and began with 3300 participants and grew to 25,000 marchers by the time it reached the Alabama capital four days later. Following this actions, President Lyndon Johnson proposes the Voting Rights Act to Congress, which would guarantee African-American voting throughout southern states. In August, the Act is signed into law.The Moynihan Report, also known as â€Å"The Negro Family: The Case for National Action,† is published and released by government officials.Th e Watts Riot occurs in the Watts section of Los Angeles. Thirty-four people are reportedly killed and one thousand are injured in a riot that lasted five days.Following the Watts Riots, Maulana Karenga establishes the Black Nationalist organization known as US in Los Angeles. 1966 Robert Weaver becomes the first African-American to hold a cabinet post when Lyndon Johnson appoints him to head the Department of Housing and Urban Development.Constance Baker Motley becomes the first African-American woman to become a Federal judge when she is appointed by Lyndon B. Johnson to the Federal bench in New York City. Motley set the stage for increased black representation in government.Stokley Carmichael becomes the chairperson of SNCC and immediately changes its focus to the idea of black power, a definite break from historical civil rights tactics.The Black Panther Party is founded in California by Bobby Seale and Huey P. Newton.King delivers his first speech concerning the Vietnam War.Race riots take place in Lansing, Mich., and Cleveland.Karenga establishes  Kwanzaa, an African-American holiday to  give Blacks an alternative to the existing holiday and give Blacks an opportunity to celebrate themselves and their history, rather than simply imitate the practice o f the dominate society.Edward Brooke becomes the first African-American to be elected by popular vote to the U.S. Senate. Brooke serves the state of Massachusetts.   1967 H. Rap Brown becomes chairperson of SNCC.The U.S. Supreme Court rules that states cannot ban interracial marriage in the Loving v. Virginia  case.A riot breaks out in Newark on July 12. For the next six days, an estimated 23 people are killed, 725 injured and 1500 are arrested.Also in July, the Detroit Race Riot begins. The riot lasts for five days with 43 people killed, almost 1200 injured and more than 7000 arrested.Thurgood Marshall becomes the first African-American to serve on the U.S. Supreme Court.Carl Stokes becomes the first African-American to be elected in Cleveland. Richard G. Hatcher becomes the first African-American mayor Gary, Ind.Renee Powell joins the Ladies Professional Golf Association Tour, becoming the first African-American woman to participate in this capacity.Albert William Johnson opens an Oldsmobile dealership in an African-American neighborhood in Chicago. He is the first African-American to be awarded a dealership from a major automobile company. 1968 Three students at South Carolina State College in Orangeburg are murdered by police officers as part of the Orangeburg Massacre.King is murdered in Memphis. Riots ensue in 125 cities throughout the United States. Within seven days of King’s assassination, an estimated 46 people are killed and 35,000 are injured.The Civil Rights Act of 1968 is established by Congress, banning discrimination in housing sales and rentals.A five day sit-in takes place on the campus of Howard University with students holding rallies and protests in opposition to its ROTC program, the Vietnam War and demanding an African-American studies program.Motown has five songs on the Top 10 records on the Billboard Magazine chart. The record company holds the 1, 2, and 3 positions on the charts for a month.The Afro hairstyle becomes popularized throughout the United States.Shirley Chisolm  is the first African-American woman elected to the U.S. House of Representatives.The Poor People’s Campaign galv anizes 50,000 demonstrators to Washington D.C.After winning first and third place respectively at the Olympics in Mexico City, Tommy Smith and John Carlos raise clenched fists in solidarity with other African-Americans. As a result, both are suspended.Arthur Ashe is the first African-American to win the Men’s Singles at the U.S. Open.The first Black Studies program is established at San Francisco State University. 1969 Morgan State University, Howard University and Yale University are given one million dollars by the Ford Foundation to help faculty teach African-American studies courses. Harvard University begins offering courses through an African-American studies program.Photographer Moneta Sleet, Jr. becomes the first African-American to win a Pulitzer Prize in Photography.Howard N. Lee becomes the first African-American may of Chapel Hill, NC. He is also the first African-American mayor of a southern city that is predominately white.Black Panther leaders Mark Clarke and Fred Hampton are killed in Chicago by police officers.Guitarist Jimi Hendrix headlines the Woodstock Music Festival in upstate New York.Fourteen African-American athletes are kicked off the University of Wyoming football team for wearing black armbands.Duke Ellington is awarded the Presidential Medal of Honor by Richard B. Nixon.The Temptations â€Å"I Can’t Get Next To You,† reaches No. 1 on the Pop Charts.

Element Symbols in Element Names

Heres a list of the element names that can be broken down into element symbols. For example, the letters in the element neon are the symbols for Ne, O, N (neon, oxygen, and nitrogen). None of the element names ending in -ium work, so that eliminates many of the element names. ActiniumAluminumAmericiumAntimonyArgonArsenic - Ar Se Ni C, Ar Se N I CAstatine - As Ta Ti NeBariumBerkeliumBerylliumBismuthBohriumBoronBromineCadmiumCalciumCaliforniumCarbon - C Ar B O N, Ca Rb O NCeriumCesiumChlorineChromiumCobaltCoperniciumCopper - Co P P Er, C O P P ErCuriumDarmstadtiumDubniumDysprosiumEinsteiniumErbiumEuropiumFermiumFluorineFranciumGadoliniumGalliumGermaniumGoldHafniumHassiumHeliumHolmiumHydrogenIndiumIodineIridiumIron - Ir O NKrypton - Kr Y Pt O NLanthanumLawrenciumLeadLithiumLutetiumMagnesiumManganeseMeitneriumMendeleviumMercuryMolybdenumNeodymiumNeon - Ne O NNeptuniumNickelNiobiumNitrogenNobeliumOsmiumOxygenPalladiumPhosphorus - P H O S P H O Ru SPlatinumPlutoniumPoloniumPotassiumPraseodymiumPromethiumProtactiniumRadiumRadonRheniumRhodiumRubidiumRutheniumRutherfordiumSamariumScandiumSeaborgiumSeleniumSilicon - Si Li C O N, Si Li Co NSilverSodiumStrontiumSulfurTantalumTechnetiumTelluriumTerbiumThalliumThoriumThuliumTin - Ti NTitaniumTungstenUnunbiumUnunniliumU nunumiumUraniumVanadiumXenon - Xe N O N, Xe No NYtterbiumYttriumZincZirconium

Motivation At The Nhs Foundation - 2676 Words

MOTIVATION IN THE WORKPLACE This research work is based on finding out the factors of motivation that can be employed for the NHS foundation staff. The NHS Foundation trust is a semi-autonomous organization within the National Health Service in the United Kingdom. These trusts have a certain degree of independence and work in an autonomous form as related to the Department of Health in the country. As computed in March 2014, there are 147 foundation trusts for NHS operating in the country. The factor of motivation of the employees in the workplace is extremely important for deciding the performance levels of an organization that functions in the healthcare segment. As such, this research is conducted to evaluate the existing motivation levels, strategies and performance within the organization. In addition, the motivation strategies that can be used by the business managers in the organization are considered and their practical application is analysed. The research would be mainly based on secondary research me thodology in which data would be gathered from the employee groups working in the NHS foundation Trust. The research report is structured in a methodical and step by step manner. Suitable research aims and objectives are designed followed by a thorough review of the available literatures on the topic of motivation. The literature review would help to provide a base for the development of the research work and for analysing the collected data from a theoreticalShow MoreRelatedJournal of Health Organization and Management1408 Words   |  6 PagesThe issue I have chosen is the relationship between HRM and organisationa,l and individual performance within the NHS. I have used two academic research based journals Baluch et al, (2013) in the Journal of Human Resource Management and Hyde et al, (2013) in the Journal of Health Organization and Management. Despite researching a similar field of study, the authors used different research methodologies. HRM and performance is part of a wide-ranging area of study in this field. The advancement ofRead MoreThe Self Esteem Of Adolescents Who Suffer From A Hearing Loss1126 Words   |  5 PagesIt is a subjective evaluation of how an individual assesses their self-worth and value in context to various external factors (Rosenberg, 1965). This basic assessment of oneself has a formidable effect on human behaviour, emotion, cognition and motivation, the dynamics of which extend to multiple precincts of development, including academic achievements, careers, friendships, success and relationships (Turner, 2007). Research even suggests that self-esteem can be a substantial forecast of satisfactionRead More Prevention of Obesity Essay1265 Words   |  6 PagesHillingdon is directed towards adolescents in view of Baur (2008) suggesting that obese children grow into obese adults with associated health complications such as type 2 diabetes. According to the National Audit Office (2007) the Nation al Health Service (NHS) spends around  £4.2 billion a year in curing obesity and its associated illnesses. In 2008 the number of obese cases recorded by Hillingdon PCT amongst adolescents was 6.9%. In comparison with the entire of England it was estimated that 14% of boysRead MoreImproving The Health And Wellbeing Of An Individual1425 Words   |  6 Pagesyour patient or liaise with your healthcare team can immediately destroy the relationship between the healthcare professional and the patient, which in that case can lead to many problems. According to the NHS constitution, the most common complaints in the NHS are related to poor communication (NHS England, 2010). The National Patient Safety Agency (2007) suggests that the key to improving patient’s safety and clinical practice is the use of effective communication. A study was carried out with twentyRead MoreObesity Is A Complex Process953 Words   |  4 Pagesof obesity (Change4life 2016). This was the first campaign to adopt a social marketing approach to address obesity by making significant improvements in an individualà ¢â‚¬â„¢s diet, being physically active and alcohol consumption to improve their health (NHS Choices 2016a). Beside this health campaign, a consistent nutritional label system was launched in 2013 by the Public Health Minister Anna Soubry. This system combines colour coding (red, amber, green) and nutritional information to demonstrate theRead MoreObesity As A Public Health Campaign958 Words   |  4 Pagestackle growing problem of obesity. This was the first campaign to adapt social marketing approach to address obesity by making significant improvements in an individual’s diet, being physically active and alcohol consumption to improve their health (NHS Choices 2016a). Beside this health campaign, a consistent nutritional label system was launched in 2013 by the Public Health Minister Anna Soubry. This system combines colour coding (red, amber, green) and nutritional information to demonstrate theRead MoreStakeholder Engagement And Critically Service Users1319 Words   |  6 Pagesand reports that highlight the importance stakeholder engagement and critically service users. (DoH xxx). More significantly the Health and Social Care Act 2012 strengthens the voice of patients by placing a statutory duty on NHS organisations to engage service users. The NHS Constitution (2015), provides patients with the right to be involved in decisions about their care and in the planning of services. Carmen et al (2013), refers to 3 different levels of patient engagement: †¢ Direct Care – thisRead MoreEffective Communication At The Health And Social Care Sector1564 Words   |  7 Pagesto ensure the transmitted content between a conversation have been received clearly and assumed by each other in the most appropriate ways. The main goal in an effective communication is to achieve information, have a common concept and changing motivations. Communications can be easily affected by different barriers; for example, in Alan’s case includes the communication barriers of deficiency attention and the emotional barriers between the care workers which cause him feels unimportant and startsRead MoreThe Prison System Is Not Functioning Well869 Words   |  4 Pagestheir impact. (Ministry of Justice, 2016). Autonomy is expected to empower staff, improve standards and lead to a reduction in reoffending. The idea came from similar reforms in other areas of the public sector, most notably academy schools and NHS foundation trusts. Implementing an innovative and effective regime will be encouraged through the threat of unsuccessful governors being managed out, and control of their prisons allocated to more successful governors; alike successful head teachers in theRead MoreThe Complex Problem Of Poor Nutrition1396 Words   |  6 PagesNightingale who wrote in her Notes on Nursing in 1859 that â€Å"The most important office of the nurse, after she has taken care of the patient’s air, is to take care to observe the effects of his foods†(Nightingale, 1859). Nightingale is the basic foundation of nursing. Till this era, she has influenced the society and is so passionate about the care of patients. For example water, keeping hydrated can have a tremendous impact on the overall health. It is crucial that people drink enough water; many

What Is Sex Trafficking Essay - 2380 Words

What is Sex Trafficking? Sex trafficking has many definitions when looked up and there has yet to be a definite internationally used definition, but the overall main meaning found throughout all is the act of forcing a person through violence, manipulation, drugs, threats, etc. to perform sexual acts of all types against their wills; and as said by George in Sex Trafficking and Sex Work: Definitions, Debates and Dynamics — A Review of Literature it is when â€Å"primarily women and children are coerced or deceived for the purpose of commercial sex exploitation.† Sex trafficking is clearly a violation of a person’s human rights and is a type of modern slavery that unfortunately countless of people have to become victims of. People from all over the world are potential victims of sex trafficking and therefore it is very hard to accurately develop a number of exactly how many sex trafficking victims there are. However, as read in The Case of the Missing Case: Examin ing the Civil Rights of Action for Human Trafficking Victims by Nam â€Å"the U.S State Department estimates that 800,00 human beings are trafficked across international borders each year. An estimated 80% of these transnational trafficking victims are female, and an estimated 70% of those females are trafficked into commercial sexual exploitation.† The sex trafficking victims found in all these places have one way or another fallen into the hands of sex traffickers. Some of the common ways these people, unfortunately, fallShow MoreRelatedSex Trafficking: What The Law Should Be1771 Words   |  8 Pages The act of sex trafficking has been around for many years and has always been a problem. This industry has harmed millions of people lives each year and yet there is still little action being done to stop it. Trafficking is defined as the act of forcing a person to do something, and in this case it is forcing people to sell their bodies for sex (Morrison 9). The industry o f sex trafficking was originally started in 1994 and makes a preposterous amount of money, which ranges from five to sevenRead MoreSex Trafficking : A Common Issue For A Long Time1394 Words   |  6 Pages Sex trafficking can happen everywhere. People do not even realize when it is happening. Someone could be living their life, just as they normally do, and decided to go to the mall. Sometimes they may not even know that a little kid is going to be kidnapped, and later raped. This is what sex trafficking is. Sex trafficking is commonly defined as when violence, drugs, lies, or any other form of coercion is used to force another person to have sex against their will. (Sex Trafficking in the U.S, 1)Read MoreEssay on The New Slave: Sex Trafficking in America910 Words   |  4 PagesThe New Slaves: Sex Trafficking in America When most Americans hear the term ‘sex trafficking’ thoughts of helpless women and children in poor, developing, countries come to mind. However, most Americans would be downright shocked and dismayed to learn that many victims of sex trafficking reside right here in the United States. Moreover, many of the victims of sex trafficking in America were victimized by other Americans. This is a pressing national issue to which neither small, rural towns or largeRead MoreSex Trafficking Is The Trade Of Humans Essay1267 Words   |  6 PagesSex Trafficking     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Sex trafficking is the trade of humans, most commonly for the purpose of sexual slavery, forced labor, or commercial sexual exploitation for the trafficker or others. This may encompass providing a spouse in the context of forced marriage, or the extraction of organs or tissues, including for surrogacy and ova removal.Sex trafficking is a very dangerous thing to be going on in this world.   Human trafficking can occur within a country or trans-nationally. The Metro-AtlantaRead MoreThe Problem Of Child Sex Trafficking1199 Words   |  5 PagesChild Sex Trafficking Have you ever walked into Wal-Mart and taken the time to look at the numerous pictures of missing youth that is plastered on the wall? When looking at how long they have been missing, it ranges anywhere from months to years. Looking at their age, both boys and girls, it is hard not to wonder if these kids are being trafficked. Child sex trafficking, also known as human trafficking, is a major issue that is not only plaguing the United States, but the world. ResidingRead MoreSex And Sex Trafficking1310 Words   |  6 PagesThe Effects Poverty has on Sex Trafficking Suffering from poverty makes life unbearable at times and is hard to escape from. Most individuals that live in poverty are vulnerable and have little hope to improve their lives. Being vulnerable and having no hope for life can often leads to desperation. Sex trafficking and become a means of survival for these individuals. Low income is a major cause for sex trafficking. Sex trafficking can become a reason for a single mother to feed her children or canRead MorePersuasive Essay On Sex Trafficking1094 Words   |  5 PagesSex trafficking is becoming more and more of a problem as time moves on. Sex trafficking is the recruitment, harbouring, transportation, provision, or obtaining of a person for the purpose of a commercial sex act, in which the commercial sex act is induced by force, fraud, or coercion [Internet Safety 101]. Sex trafficking is increasing due to the evolution of modern day social services and sources. From safety sources, it is the 2nd fastest growing criminal indus try [Internet Safety 101]. More andRead MoreSex Trafficking And The United States1672 Words   |  7 Pageshuman sex trafficking, they think of heinous acts that take place in other countries where adults, children, girls and boys are exploited to perform sexual acts in exchange for money or goods against their will. They think it typically occurs in places that are less developed than the United States. However, the reality of this horrific crime is that it is taking place in the United States, and it occurs more and more each and every day. Young girls are not solely the victim of human sex traffickingRead MoreChild Sex Trafficking And Human Trafficking1096 Words   |  5 PagesChild Sex Trafficking Have you ever walked into Wal-Mart and taken the time to look at the numerous pictures of missing youth that is plastered on the wall? When looking at how long they have been missing, it ranges anywhere from months to years. Looking at their age, both boys and girls, it’s hard not to wonder if they have been kidnapped and are being trafficked. Child sex trafficking also known as human trafficking is a major issue that is not only plaguing the United States, but alsoRead MoreSex Trafficking : A Modern Day1360 Words   |  6 Pages In current day and age, sex trafficking is referred to as â€Å"modern-day† slavery, where sex is sold through the use of forcible behavior, and the victim is coerced by those running the deals. According to the Trafficking Victims Protection Act of 2000, the term sex trafficking is defined as, â€Å"the recruitment, harboring, transportation, provision, or obtaining of a person for the purposes of a commercial sex act, in which the commercial sex act is induced by force, fraud, or coercion

Safety of Adventure Tourism in New Zealand

Question: Discuss about theSafety of Adventure Tourism in New Zealand. Answer: Introduction: In the recent due to globalization and easing up of the visa regulations, tourism has become an important economic activity. In New Zealand, one of the rapidly growing sectors in the tourism industry is the adventure tourism sector which has the huge potential to attract both the domestic tourists and the international tourists. The adventure tourism sector comprise of the blend of various commercially operated outdoor adventurous activities which creates excitement and adventure. Adventure travel has also grown as a recreation of the traditional outdoor and wilderness (Bentley, Page, Edwards, 2008). Over the years the scope of the adventure tourism has increased and comprise of the different activities that are adventure based and such activities which tourists want to experience during their vacations. New Zealand is a major attraction for those tourists who are seeking adventure and there has been rapid growth in the adventure tourism sector in New Zealand in the recent times. In the year 2012 alone 500,000 international tourists took part in different forms of adventure activities in the country while spending their vacations in the country. The main purpose of writing this literature review is to identify the various safety procedures that are adopted in the adventure tourism sector by the tour operators in New Zealand and identify the established framework for the safety management in the tourism sector in the country (Bentley, Page, Edwards, 2008). On an average it has been found that the international tourists spend nearly about $3,200 on the adventure tourism in the country. Most of the tourists who come to the New Zealand for the adventure tourism are the mainly from the following countries such as Dutch, German, Singaporean, UK and tourists belonging to the Canadian origi n. The key Asian countries from where most of the tourists like to visit New Zealand are Korea, Japan and China and most of the tourists from these countries like to participate in the adventure tourism when they are spending their vacation in New Zealand. There are several adventure activities which are basically enjoyed by the tourists during their vacation in New Zealand. These activities are illustrated in the below given figure. The various adventure activities that are enjoyed by the tourists is New Zealand include Sky diving, Jet Boating, Glacier walking, Bungee jumping and lunging. Tourists also participate in the white water rafting, kayaking and skiing while holidaying in the country. In the recent times the adventure tourism has grown as a major sector in the tourism sector of the country. The risks that are related to the adventure tourism are very high and thus the safety issues that are related to the sector are very important to take into consideration. There are have been several events in the recent past which has been widely publicized. Management of the risk has become very much important for the organizations which are associated with the different facets of the adventure tourism sector and the adventure activities. There has growing debate over the concern whether are sufficient framework and policies in place in New Zealand so that the organizations can tackle with the various risks that are related to the adventure tourism sector. The safety precaution that has been adopted in the adventure tourism sector in a country greatly impacts the choices of the tourists in the selection of the destination for the adventure tourism (Bentley, Page, Edwards, 200 8). There has been huge impact on the increase in the number of the reported incidents in the adventure tourism sector, which has dampen the morale of the tourists who have selected New Zealand as their destination for the adventure tourism. It is important to take into account the various constraints that are imposed by the various risks. It is very much important to identify the different causes due to which the accidents take place in the field of the adventure tourism. There has been growing concern in New Zealand government about the proper safety and the management of the adventure activities in the country. There are high risks for the participants in the adventure activities. This risk cannot be completely reduced by the risk management alone, but there are rights for the travelers to expect that the proper safety measures will be taken by the authorities who are promoting the different adventure activities in the country. Literature Review There is growing scope of the commercialization of the adventure activities in New Zealand as more and more people are participating in the different adventure activities around the country. In general tourism may be defined as a travel by person outside his natural environment for more than a day mostly for the recreation activities and sightseeing purposes. There are several things which has to included in a trip so that it can be called as an adventure trip. These are interaction with the environment, interaction with the culture and the doing various physical activities. In general practice an adventure trip will comprise of all the above mentioned activities that has been highlighted above. As per Bentley, Page, Edwards (2008) adventure tourism may be considered as the commercially guided tour where the main attractor of the tour is some of an outdoor activity that contains the element of the natural terrain, requiring specialized and similar kind of the sporting equipments and the clients feels excited about the tour. The features of the client may vary depending upon the skills, demographics, emotions, expectations and their experience (Bentley, Page, Edwards, 2008). But all the outdoor activities cannot be put under the bracket of the adventure activities as there is very fine difference between the adventure activities and the recreational activities. The recreational excursions that are undertaken by the client is mostly for the purpose of the relaxation and these not threatening activities. On the other hand the adventure sport basically relies upon the thrilling experience of the client from the activities and most of the activities basically involve risks. The important factors that works behind such activities are the emotions that are involved with such activities and the process in which such activities are basically accomplished. The approach that is undertaken in the adventurous activity is very deliberate nature and there is a fear of uncertainty due to the different known and the unknown factors which can result in the life threatening consequences. It requires experience, physical competence and skills to tackle those challenges. Th e other researchers suggest that the either the tourists are mass tourists or they are adventure seekers who wants thrill and enjoyment in their tour and and in doing so they constantly expose themselves to the dangers (Bentley, Page, Walker, 2006). This fact is used to explain the cause of the decrease in the interest of those activities among the adventure tourists where the risks that are associated with the activities are very less or negligible. The researcher also found that the increase in the levels of risk among the adventure tourists leads them to undertake more dangerous activities which have high degree of risks associated with it. Though there is not a single scale which can be used to measure the degree of the risk that are associated with the various adventure activities. There are several types of the adventure activities and most of the adventure tourism is basically conducted as per the self organized recreational trips instead of the professionally guided tours. One of the biggest export industries in New Zealand is the tourism industry. The sector contributes to nearly NZD 9.6 billion to the foreign exchange reserves of the country. A total of 9% of the gross domestic product is basically supported by this sector either directly or indirectly. When added to the domestic expenditure in the tourism sector the net revenue rises to NZD 23.4 billion in the year 2012, which shows a rise of the 2.4 percent from the previous year revenues (Bentley, Page, Laird, 2006). New Zealand is recognized in the world as one such country in the world where large parts of the population of the country take part in the adventure activities. Also many foreign tourists that arrive in the country basically favours the country as a tourist destination for its known ranki ngs as the best adventure activities destination where a wide range of activities are done. The major promotion of the adventure tourism in New Zealand revolves around the best sceneries and the glimpses of the Maori tradition. Since 19th century there are several adventurous activities that take place in the South Island. The major part of the adventure tourism that comprise of the south Island attraction is the mountaineering. Though there are also other activities which have started in the recent time but mountaineering still holds the central place. The Queenstown is basically promoted as the adventure capital of the world and it attracts tourists from the different parts of the world. It is one of the most attractive destinations for the adventure seeker tourists in the New Zealand. The main reason in the attraction of the both domestic and the international tourists in Queensland is the scenic beauty of the region, which is a major draw among the tourists. Various type s of ad venture activities take place in Queensland like the bungy jumping and canyonning. The tourism sector and the infrastructure for the tourism in the region is very well developed and it provides support to the character of the region as a adventure activities region. There are various risk factors that are associated with the adventure activities and the amount and the type of risks that are associated with the adventure sports basically leads to the interest of the people towards the activity (Bentley, Page, Macky, 2007). There are several perspectives which has been used to explain the risks. As per the researcher risks may be defined as an activity which has uncertain outcome and there is high level of threat to the life of the individuals who are undertaking the activity. The outdoor adventures have high degree of risks associated with it and these activities generally involve preparing to the edge and have huge unexpected outcomes. There are three types so risks that are associated with the adventure tourism industry. These risks can be explained as the absolute risks, real risks and the perceived risks. The actual risk may be defined as the highest level of the risk that is basically related to the natural situation if there are no safety protocols and measures in place. The real risk may be defined as the highest levels of risk that are related to a particular situation in the presence of the appropriate safety measures and protocols. The perceived risks are generally categorized as those risks which are established by the individuals undertaking the adventurous activity. An individual perception about the risks that are associated with an activity is greatly influenced by the wealth, demographics, technologies and media. Though the safety and the well being of the tourists has been given the main priority by the UN-World Tourism Organization and the other similar organization but the main problem is that these issues have been largely ignored by the countries and they receive very minimum or negligible attention to the various researches that are done on the tourism industry(Bentley, Page, Macky, 2007). In general the type of the thrilling experiences and the excitement that are provided by the adventure activities are situated in such locations which has real hazards. Such hazards have the high potential to cause severe damage to the people and could even lead to death. There are several complications and legal issues that are related to the accidents that takes place in the adventure tourism sector, and these issues have high impact on the countries which are hosting the different adventure activities. in the recent times it has been concluded that the individuals give due importance to the safety of the activities before undertaking the adventure activities. There has been growing concern over the safety issues among the international tourists taking part in the adventure tourism and they want experienced guides and take adequate precautionary measures before hand (Smith Espiner, 2007). In the adventure tourism sector the risk management of the client is a major cause of concern for the countries that are hosting they adventure tourism like New Zealand. But there is a concern that is all the risk that that are associated with the adventure activities are managed than the excitements and thrill that are associated with such activities will be completely over. The major themes that is associated with the adventure tourism sector in New Zealand is the accidents and the safety. These themes have mainly dominated the adventure tourism news in the country for the past one and a half decades. Accidents have the potential to create a negative image about the tourism sector and the various tourist destinations that are there in the country. In New Zealand it was found that most of the accidents that took place in the adventure activities were related to the falling from the heights while in motion. Thus the preventive measures should take into account the risk of falling from the heights as it is one of the most common factors of risk is associated with the tourism sector (Smith Espiner, 2007). Very recently a person died from falling from a very popular high wire playground in the tree adventure at the West Auckland. Various participants accepted the fact that the lack of the proper safety measures was the main reason behind the death of that p erson. This incident brought to the attention of the government the lack sidle nature of the tour operators about the safety of the clients and the lack of the properly trained staff to handle such situations. It has been found in the surveys conducted by the researcher that there is a lack of proper accident prevention measures in the tourism sector in New Zealand. This is the main reason behind the lack of proper cooperation between the healthy professionals, tour operators and the various other sectors which are related to the tourism sector in New Zealand. The flying and skydiving are also taken up as adventure activities in New Zealand and in the recent times various accidents have been reported where the client either died or suffered grave injuries due to the negligence of the operators and the lack of the cooperation among the different departments. One of the worst incidents in the adventure aviation tourism in New Zealand is the tragic incident that took place in Wairarapa, New Zealand. In this aviation disaster almost eleven people lost their lives due to the crash of the hot air balloon. As per the statements given by the family of the victims, the incident could have been avoided as the pilot of the balloon has taken drugs before takeoff. In another incident there was 19-year old biker who was killed in a quad race due to the negligence of the tour operators as there was no proper safety measures that were adopted by the organizers of the event. There was no provision of the crash helmets at the site and the instructions were not given properly to the participants of the events. Though safety is the important feature of the selection of the adventure destinations but the reports related to the tragic incidents have hugely impacted the image of the adventure tourism in the country. Though there are various amount of inherent risks that are related to the different adventure activities but there has been a perception among the minds of the tourists about the safety measures and regulations of the tourism industry in New Zealand due to the various accidents involving the death of the several international tourists. It is important for the tourists in New Zealand to inquire with the local authorities before visiting any remote locations in the country. There are various campaigns that have been started in the adventure tourism sector in the country so as to attract the attention of the authorities towards the lack of safety measures in the adventure activities that take place in the country. One of such campaigns is run of the facebook with the page name NZ tour ist safety. This campaign has attracted a lot of attention among the international and domestic tourists alike. The main intent behind this approach was to make the people aware about the different happenings in the tourism sector of the country and the safety measures to be adopted while undertaking different adventure activities. It has been found by the researchers that there are several loop holes in the existing regulations that are related to the adventure activities in the country. These gaps and concerns have been highlighted by the various tourists in different websites and forums. There is wide gap in the safety management framework as it gives permission to the outdoor activities and the adventure activities to be performed with the lower standards of safety. These gaps have the potential to damage the image of New Zealand as a potential adventure tourism destination in the world. There are basically three different types of regulatory bodies that regulate and frame policies related to the adventure activities in New Zealand (Bentley, Page, Meyer, Chalmers, Laird, 2001). These institutions are NZ transport agency, the Civil aviation authority and the Maritime NZ. There are specified regulations that are associated with each of the authorities. In New Zealand all the adventure activities are not incl uded in one regulation. The different clubs and schools do not come under the ambit of these regulations which is a major cause of concern in the tourism industry. Conclusion The review of the literatures related with the adventure tourism in New Zealand revealed the lack of proper safety measures in the country and the impact of the recent events and accidents in the adventure tourism industry on the image of the country as a top adventure tourism destination. The careful review of the literatuire highlighted the gaps in the regulations that are related to regulate the adventure tourism in the country and the various campaigns that has been run by the people and NGOs to highlight the cause of safety in the adventure tourism sector in the country. References Bentley, T., Page, S., Edwards, J. (2008). Monitoring Injury in the New Zealand Adventure Tourism Sector: An Operator Survey.Journal Of Travel Medicine,15(6), 395-403. https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1708-8305.2008.00234.x Bentley, T., Page, S., Laird, S. (2006). Safety in New ZealanD's Adventure Tourism Industry: The Client Accident Experience of Adventure Tourism Operators.Journal Of Travel Medicine,7(5), 239-246. https://dx.doi.org/10.2310/7060.2000.00072 Bentley, T., Page, S., Macky, K. (2007). Adventure tourism and adventure sports injury: The New Zealand experience.Applied Ergonomics,38(6), 791-796. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apergo.2006.10.007 Bentley, T., Page, S., Walker, L. (2006). The Safety Experience of New Zealand Adventure Tourism Operators.Journal Of Travel Medicine,11(5), 280-286. https://dx.doi.org/10.2310/7060.2004.19103 Bentley, T., Page, S., Meyer, D., Chalmers, D., Laird, I. (2001). How safe is adventure tourism in New Zealand? An exploratory analysis.Applied Ergonomics,32(4), 327-338. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0003-6870(01)00011-4 Smith, E. Espiner, S. (2007). The role of the risk and safety in shaping the experiences of guided adventure tourists: A case study of the sea-kayak and multi-day walking participants.Lincoln University.

Project Scope and Time Management Project Status Report

Question: Describe about the Project Scope and Time Management for Project Status Report. Answer: 1. Report your assessment of the current project status As the senior consultant with project management consulting company PM Right Track or PMRT, the CEO of Good programs approached me to take a lead on the new project of the company. There are very few individuals who have the necessary skills and knowledge about how to report on the status of a new project. There are a number of rules and regulations that would be followed by me in order to report the assessment of the present status of project in an effective manner. It would not only keep the management as well as the project team informed about the ongoing status but would also make them work in coordination for making the project successful (Atkinson et al, 2006). As because the project is very much important for XY department in order to fix a number of issues and problems for implementing the hardware systems and also make replacement of the outdated computer systems for ensuring proper management of clients. In order to accomplish the project properly, the amount of budget that was needed was R 23 million, though there was disagreement and non-approval by the Government, as because there was lack of sufficient funds for completion of the project. The available budget was R 15 million, which was later taken by the company XY Department so as to make as much progress as it could be done with such amount of money (Atkinson, 2011). As the senor consultant of the consultancy group, I gathered necessary and relevant data and information regarding the project and also got informed about the current condition of the project and how it could be guided towards the right direction. XY Department of the Federal Government faced several computers related risks and issues that hindered the privacy of the department. It mainly resulted due to the outdated computer system that further created difficulties in managing the clients, that is why it was needed to be replaced. In order to manage this project properly, R 23 million was needed, which was not available (Burke, 20 13). As a very substantial amount of money was available, so the Government approved an amount of R 15 million. With the available amount of money, the project had been planned and commenced with the help of partnership working with Good Computers which also assisted XY department by providing them with benefits during the develop and implementation of the new software and computer systems (Crawford, 2005). The three major components which had been included while assessing the project status were overall condition of the project which could be shown in red, yellow or green. The project name has been also stated. Any sort of problems would be identified by me along with the changes in scope of the project. The status was also presented to show how the managers were not communicating with each other properly as a result of which certain effects were remained unanticipated overhead for the XY department as well. From the assessment, it was also found that the milestones were not achieved, thus it could stated that the project did not make any progress regarding the project of client management system for XY department (De Reyck et al, 2005). Another component which was determined during the assessment of the current status of project was the issues and problem faced during the implementation of the system. The issues were not addressed properly, which lead to difficulties in making proper decisions regarding the scenario. The new CEO was not informed about the scope and was also told about necessity of some additional amount of money which was extra to the budget. All these issues hindered proper implementation of the system, so it would be needed to look into the status of this project properly and then advance with necessary solutions to all these problems (Forsberg et al, 2005). I, as the senior consultant of this management consultancy company prepared this report so as to show what kinds of issues were faced during the implementation of the project, so as to plan for necessary measures that could resolve these kinds of situations and ensure that the project implementation would be successful in the future (Heagney, 2012). 2. Compare your assessment with sound project management practices By comparing the assessment of project status with the various practices and methods of project management, it had been found that the project implementation could only be successful with the allocation of proper time and budget along with a manager and CEO who had the relevant skills and knowledge to cope up with the changing conditions. At the first stage, it would be important to initiate and plan for the project of client management system implementation and then make proper scheduling and budgeting so as to determine how much cost would be necessary for making the project implementation successful and noteworthy. The risks in project must be managed and also identification of the changes ins cope of the project would be essential (Ika, 2009). One of the most effective project management practices could be the breaking down the project into smaller components and activities and then set a particular date within which the activities must be completed. All these management practice s would be needed to be considered by the newly appointed CEO of XY department. The manager must also be able to deal with the other company named Good Programs so as to work in partnership and ensure that n3cessary software systems were supplied to the department for assisting in the implementation of the client management system. This would help in gaining enough scopes and opportunities that the company would be free of cost, thereby resulting in implementing the project in a successful manner too (Kappelman et al, 2006). Later on, when a new CEO was appointed for XY department, it was found that there were several faults which the 16.5 version of the client management system. I was approached so as to study this case properly and make an assessment about the present status of the project. As it could be seen that the project did not commence at present due to lack of proper amount of funds and also because the new CEO of the department was not informed about the actual scope of the project along with the changes made and the budget which increased to some additional R 185000 (Kerzner, 2013). The documents consisting of the definition and purpose of the project must be utilized so as to plan for necessary activities. The documentation would consist of the overview of project along with the goals and objectives that must be achieved. The scope of the project would also be defined like what changes would be done to the outdated computer systems and what were the departments that were needed to be converted. The assumption of risks would also be done during this effective project management practice. The costs would be estimated as well based on the time that had been scheduled. The planning horizon creation could be another project management practice that would easily define the work plan by providing step by step information about how to construct the project in an appropriate manner (Leach, 2014). One of the most essential consideration that would be needed to be done would be to ensure that the sponsors had approved with the changes in scope of the project. The procedur es of management of the client management system project would also include identify the changes in scope, managing the risks and furthermore maintaining the quality of the project by creating a level of understating between the various stakeholders in business like the suppliers, investors or shareholders, clients, etc of XY department. This is how the work plan could be managed properly and the budget and schedule would be assumed properly as well. Updating the work plan is essential that can further determine whether the project is feasible or not and whether it can be completed within the available budget and time period or not (Meredith Mantel, 2011). After management of work and time schedule, the scope management would be essential for controlling the project properly and thereby reduce the chances of failures during project implementation due to improper estimation of skills of team members involved in the project of XY department. The project had been hold on for a long ti me due to non-approval of extended amount of money and also due to lack of proper resources and less communication with the managers, which was a major risk (Pollack, 2007). The last and most important project management procedure which I, as a senior project management consultant, have recommended is the assessment of potential risks all throughout the project and then resolves those as soon as possible with a feeling of urgency so that it would not be able to deteriorate the project implementation further. This would not only continue the project with a new horizon and with a new purpose with new CEO and manager, but would also improve the effectiveness of the implementation of client management system for XY department (Schwalbe, 2015). 3. Recommend steps to bring the project to a close. Acceptance by the sponsor or CEO of XY department The project of client management system could not be closed unless the approvals of customers were taken. Here the meetings could be held with the CEO so as to make discussion about the project closure based on the criteria of acceptance for the project by the clients. All the deliverables and documents must be signed properly before making an agreement for the closing of the project. As because the project was put on hold due to certain issues and problems for XY department, so it was needed to close down and start in a fresh way (Shenhar Dvir, 2007). Conducting assessment of Project would be essential The responses and feedbacks of the stakeholders were needed to be considered along with the opinions of project team members so that it could be close down and start for new projects in the future. It would be necessary to identify what were the positives and what were the negatives faced during the implementation of this project (Slack Lewis, 2005). This would help in determining the project life cycle as well so as to carry out the project valuation and assessment. Collecting the necessary data related to the project history At the beginning of the project, various guidelines were needed to be followed by the project team members for handling the project efficiently, so as to ensure progress. So, the history of the project must be kept secured so as to use those afterwards in the future (Williams, 2005). Finally singing off from the project The information which had been gained from this hold on project of client management system might be of no use in the future for the CEO and manager of XY department, as well as for the clients and tech support, though they would provide ongoing support for solution with the clients. Managing relationship with customer post closure or deployment Though the project would be closed, still it would be necessary to manage contact with the clients and make then informed about any updates or project that would be implemented in the future by XY department (Wysocki, 2011). Recommend improvements to the XY Department's future project management practices. Few recommendations have been provided so as to improve the implementation of project through project management practices by XY Department. The detailed work plan could be developed with the help of assigning the resources properly and make an estimation of the work properly. This would help to identify the high levels of uncertainty, thus resulting in resolving the chances of risks and issues easily. The determination of critical path determination would also be another project management procedure that could enhance the efficiency of the implementation process (Atkinson et al, 2006). Allocating the resources properly along with maintenance of budget so that the project implementation would remain within the budget had also been recommended. The budget must be corporate and the policies must be upgraded as well Preparation of annual audit had also been recommended as major effective project management practice in the future (Azhar, 2011). The estimation of cost would be recommended as well along with the scheduling of task or work for the team members involved in the project of XY department. The financial and non-financial information must be gathered so as to utilize the financial resources properly and prevent wastage of those as well. The organisation must develop a proper organisational structure during their plan with skillful staffs and managers who could carry out their roles and responsibilities with dedication and commitment (Burke, 2013). 2. The project paths are as follows A-B-D-E-G Duration 7+3+5+2+5=22 A-B-D-F-G Duration 7+3+5+4+5= 24 A-C-D-E-G Duration 7+4+5+2+5= 23 A-C-D-F-G Duration 7+4+5+4+5= 25 So the critical path of the project is A-C-D-F-G and the duration is 25 days If each activity A, D, F and G are done in crash time then the project could be executed in 4 days less as this would mean that all the project paths would be shortened The cost escalation would be 1000+1500+3000+3000 = 8500 3. Discussing the issues of Critical Chain Project Management and explaining our opinion regarding this topic The Critical Chain Project Management (CCPM) is considered to be an effective technique of planning, executing and managing projects in both single and multi project environments. It has been found that in the majority of complex projects, the duration of successful project implementation often can exceed their planned schedule by almost 50% to 100% and this is mainly attributed to unforeseen circumstances or uncertainty associated with the project. For compensating for this age-old dilemma, project managers and personnel who are in charge of handling projects have learned to compensate by adding additional time within their planning and scheduling estimates (Tukel et al. 2006). Yet in spite of this, there are still instances when projects are overrunning their schedules. The Critical Chain Method (CCM) or Critical Chain Project Management (CCPM) was first propounded by Dr. Eliyahu Goldratt and it was first introduced into the market in the year 1997 as a part of his Theory of Constr aints book Critical Chain which revolutionised and changed the manner in which scheduling and production management takes place. By utilising the Critical Chain Project Management, projects can be undertaken and completed in an effective and timely manner by ensuring greater accuracy in the project scheduling process (Chun-chao, 2008). However, there are certain issues which are associated with the CCPM methods and these have been mentioned below: 1) Task Duration and Safety Margins The CCPM methods utilises the main assumption that all the project managers are going to overestimate the task duration by a certain safety factor which might not be accurate in nature. This method estimates that the duration of actual execution of each and every task will invariably increase in the course of time and thereby supplement the timescale allotted. Thus, in simple words the actual time duration becomes a self fulfilling prophecy in the CCPM methods (Takahashi et al. 2009). 2) Use of Buffers in Planning and Control The utilisation of buffers are playing a major role in the success of the CCPM theory. Usually, the amount of buffering in a project essentially reflects the amount of protection and safety which would be required against the elements of uncertainty associated with the sum of duration of tasks which comprise the critical path of the project. The sizes of the feeding buffers need to be appropriate enough to provide the necessary protection to the feeding chains or else the project duration will be unnecessarily delayed. In order to ensure that such a situation does not arise, it is really essential to ensure that the size of the buffers must be less than the summation of the safety margins which are extracted from the individual tasks on the corresponding chain (Long Ohsato, 2008). 3) Resource Utilisation CCPM does not encourage the process of assigning multiple tasks to a single resource. The business establishments can reduce the amount of multitasking in their business without switching to CCPM but the idea of eliminating the process of multitasking is usually not considered to be a good business practice. 4) Multi-Project Management The CCPM method deals with a multi project environment by staggering the projects around the constraining resource (often referred to as drum in TOC terminology). There could be several constraining resources in a given project at any given point of time and each of them would lead to a different schedule and this would invariably complicate the process of task scheduling and cause delay in the project (Leach, 2014). All the issues which have been mentioned above clearly undermines the overall effectiveness and advantages of utilising the CCPM methods in case of project scheduling and this makes us question the overall utility of applying the CCPM methods in a project. All these issues would invariably hamper and compromise the timely implementation and completion of a project and thus we are really sceptical regarding utilising the CCMP methods as it would not produce any desirable benefit in the project (Tukel et al. 2006). Highlighting the difference between critical path and critical chain The critical path and the critical chain are vastly different from each other and they have their own significance within a project. The management principles tend to emphasise on limiting or constraining factor of a system that determines the total duration of a project and the main objective of project management and scheduling is to minimize the entire project duration. Both the critical path and the critical chain are methods of project scheduling. The critical chain focuses on the resource whereas the critical path focuses on the order of the different tasks (Kerzner, 2013). Critical Chain Modelling is essentially utilised in order to address the inherent uncertainty which is related with change and human behaviours, and this helps in ensuring the efficiency of a project by facilitating the execution of multiple tasks by dividing the total work into natural work streams. On the other hand, the Critical Path concentrates on tasks by evaluating their resource and time efficiencies, thereby enabling the project managers to delay the implementation of those tasks which are causing schedule risk (Tukel et al. 2006). The critical chain method helps in modifying the project schedule which helps the project managers to account for limited resources by adding time buffers (non-work schedule activities) which helps them to keep a tract on their planned activity durations during each and every stage of the project. Critical chain technique is incorporated once the critical path has been determined. This is usually achieved by evaluating the availability of the resources and thus the resulting schedule produced already has a resource-constrained critical path. The critical chain then emphasises on effectively utilising the remaining buffer durations against the remaining durations of the task chains (Long Ohsato, 2008). The critical path method helps us to calculate both the early start and finish dates and the late start and finish dates for all the scheduled activities of a project. This involves performing a forward pass analysis and a backward pass analysis through the projected schedule network paths. The forward pass helps us to calculate the early start (ES) and early finish (EF) dates (ES + duration (DU) = EF); whereas the backward pass helps us in determining the late start (LS) and late finish (LF): (LF DU = LS). The critical path is usually the longest path through the entire project schedule which has either zero or negative total float. The critical path contains all the activities which are critical to the success of the project and without which the project would come to a standstill (Chun-chao, 2008). 4. Discussing the philosophy of scope planning Each and every project has their own needs and necessities which requires their own set of practices, processes, tools and techniques in order to ensure that the project is completed within the specific time frame. This will help in satisfying the interests of all the stakeholders who are associated with that particular project. The combination of these factors along with the product and service which are going to be delivered by the project is known as the scope of the project. The project scope planning essentially involves getting the key parties of the project to arrive at a mutual consensus regarding the scope of the project. Project scope planning is a very important aspect which plays a vital role in ensuring the successful implementation of the project (Burke, 2013). The task of project scope planning essentially involves including all the high level features or functionalities which the business team have committed to successfully deliver to their clients. The project scope is usually defined by the different stakeholders which includes the project sponsor, steering committee, executive sponsor, the end users or customers who are going to benefit from the project and all the other persons who are going to be directly or indirectly impacted by the project. The success of the project essentially depends on how the project managers are able to satisfy the interests of the project stakeholders and the project scope planning helps the project managers to achieve this objective (Atkinson et al. 2006). Benefits of a Scope Statement A project scope statement is considered to be a vital tool which helps us to underline the deliverables of a project and this enables us in identifying the different constraints and assumptions which are considered to be important parameters for ensuring the successful implementation of the project. A properly designed project scope essentially demonstrates the boundaries of the project. The project scope statement is essentially designed by the Project initiation process group whose main goal is to identify the high level objectives from the project. The objectives of a project must be developed in such a manner so that it is clearly understood and comprehensible by each and everyone involved (Heagney, 2012). By utilising a project scope statement, an organisation is able to obtain a lot of benefits which play a vital role in ensuring the timely and successful implementation of the projects which have been undertaken by them. It enables the project managers to identify the different risks that are associated with a project and this makes the managers better equipped to tackle those risks in an effective manner which helps in ensuring the smooth continuity and implementation of the project. Having a project scope statement helps the project managers to undertake an accurate cost analysis and capital budgeting regarding the different activities which are involved with the project and this helps in ensuring a better and effective allocation of resources which is imperative for the successful completion of the project (Khan, 2006). This helps the project managers to monitor the costs associated with a project and this helps to eliminate the chances of any cost escalation in a project. A proje ct scope statement plays a vital role in helping the managers to identify and understand the main purpose behind implementing a project and this helps to foster better coordination and understanding by improving the teamwork among the different individuals who are working on a project. A project scope statement helps the project managers to evaluate the progress made by them towards the successful implementation of the project and they will be able to evaluate the project requirements in a better and effective manner (Kerzner, 2013). Discussing the typical sections of a project scope statement A project scope statement generally includes the following aspects: 1) Project Description This describes the nature of the project and what will be accomplished out of the project. 2) Project Purpose This describes the main purpose of the project by elaborately describing the strategic goals and objectives of the project. 3) Project Objectives This helps in providing a clear and comprehensive set of project objectives which can be measured from time to time as the project reaches its completion (Burke, 2013). 4) Project Requirements - This helps in identifying the high level resources requirements of a project in terms of the product and service which is going to be delivered by the project, 5) Project Assumptions These are the conditions which must be taken into consideration before starting/beginning work on the project. 6) Project Constraints These include certain unforeseen conditions or situations on which the project managers do not have any control and which might threaten the timely and successful implementation of the project. This includes the different risk factors and constraints which might be encountered by the project in due course of time. 7) Project Boundaries The project boundary is essentially the product or system boundary which is going to be implemented once the project is completed. It makes a lot of business sense to divide the scope of work into multiple phases which would help in the smooth implementation of the project (Atkinson et al. 2006). 8) Project Risks This include a detailed description regarding the known risks which could be encountered by the project. 9) Project Deliverables This includes the identification of the products and services which will be delivered by the project to the end users. 10) Project Milestones This includes a detailed description regarding the important achievements and milestones which have been accomplished by the project managers in the project. 11) Project High Level Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) This includes a detailed description regarding how the work is to be carrie4d forwards and how the project is going to be implemented in the near future (Heagney, 2012). References Atkinson, R., Crawford, L., Ward, S. (2006). Fundamental uncertainties in projects and the scope of project management.International journal of project management,24(8), 687-698. Azhar, S. (2011). Building information modeling (BIM): Trends, benefits, risks, and challenges for the AEC industry.Leadership and Management in Engineering,11(3), 241-252. Burke, R. (2013). Project management: planning and control techniques.New Jersey, USA. Chun-chao, C. H. U. (2008). Buffer sizing and critical chain project management [J]. Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems, 5, 1029-1035. Crawford, L. (2005). Senior management perceptions of project management competence.International journal of project management,23(1), 7-16. De Reyck, B., Grushka-Cockayne, Y., Lockett, M., Calderini, S. R., Moura, M., Sloper, A. (2005). The impact of project portfolio management on information technology projects.International Journal of Project Management,23(7), 524-537. Forsberg, K., Mooz, H., Cotterman, H. (2005).Visualizing project management: models and frameworks for mastering complex systems. John Wiley Sons. Heagney, J. (2012).Fundamentals of project management. AMACOM Div American Mgmt Assn. Ika, L. A. (2009). Project success as a topic in project management journals.Project Management Journal,40(4), 6-19. Kappelman, L. A., McKeeman, R., Zhang, L. (2006). Early warning signs of IT project failure: The dominant dozen.Information systems management,23(4), 31-36. Kerzner, H. R. (2013). Project management: a systems approach to planning, scheduling, and controlling. John Wiley Sons. Khan, A. (2006). Project scope management.Cost engineering,48(6), 12-16. Leach, L. P. (2014). Critical chain project management. Artech House. Long, L. D., Ohsato, A. (2008). Fuzzy critical chain method for project scheduling under resource constraints and uncertainty. International Journal of Project Management, 26(6), 688-698. Meredith, J. R., Mantel Jr, S. J. (2011).Project management: a managerial approach. John Wiley Sons. Pinto, J. K. (2007). Project management: achieving competitive advantage. Upper Saddle River, NJ, USA: Pearson/Prentice Hall. Pollack, J. (2007). The changing paradigms of project management.International journal of project management,25(3), 266-274. Schwalbe, K. (2015).Information technology project management. Cengage Learning. Shenhar, A. J., Dvir, D. (2007).Reinventing project management: the diamond approach to successful growth and innovation. Harvard Business Review Press. Slack, N., Lewis, M. (Eds.). (2005).Operations management(Vol. 10). Psychology Press. Takahashi, H., Goto, H., Kasahara, M. (2009, March). Application of a critical chain project management based framework on max-plus linear systems. InComplex, Intelligent and Software Intensive Systems, 2009. CISIS'09. International Conference on(pp. 898-903). IEEE. Tukel, O. I., Rom, W. O., Eksioglu, S. D. (2006). An investigation of buffer sizing techniques in critical chain scheduling. European Journal of Operational Research, 172(2), 401-416. Williams, T. (2005). Assessing and moving on from the dominant project management discourse in the light of project overruns.IEEE Transactions on engineering management,52(4), 497-508. Wysocki, R. K. (2011).Effective project management: traditional, agile, extreme. John Wiley Sons.